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Sigillaria (ancient Rome)
In ancient Roman culture, ''sigillaria'' were pottery or wax figurines given as traditional gifts during the Saturnalia. Sigillaria as a proper noun was also the name for the last day of the Saturnalia, December 23,〔Robert A. Kaster, ''Macrobius: Saturnalia Books 1–2'' (Loeb Classical Library, 2011), pp. 81 (note 110) and 110 (note 178).〕 and for a place where ''sigillaria'' were sold.〔Caroline Vout, ''Power and Eroticism in Imperial Rome'' (Cambridge University Press, 2007), p. 152.〕 A ''sigillarius'' was a person who made and sold ''sigillaria'', perhaps as an offshoot of pottery manufacture.〔Claire Holleran, ''Shopping in Ancient Rome: The Retail Trade in the Late Republic and the Principate'' (Oxford University Press, 2012), p. 192.〕
==The objects==
In the dialogue of Macrobius's ''Saturnalia'', the interlocutor Praetextatus says that ''sigillaria'' were substitutes for the sacrificial victims of the primitive religious rituals.〔Macrobius, ''Saturnalia'' 1.10.24.〕 Interpreted as such, they raise questions about human sacrifice among the earliest Romans〔Carlin A. Barton, ''The Sorrows of the Ancient Romans: The Gladiator and the Monster'' (Princeton University Press, 1993), p. 166.〕 (see also Argei and oscilla). The speaker Evangelus, however, counters that the figures are nothing more than toys to amuse children.〔Macrobius, ''Saturnalia'' 1.11.1.〕
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